Just a quick post: macOS 15.3 is now out, and with it, a fix for the broken replicator.
As such, macOS copying will work again with Erase, then copy backups. No update to SuperDuper is necessary (but feel free to install our v3.10 Beta 2, below).
Note that this does not mean boot from the copy will work in all situations (but, again, we have no control over that). But at least the copy can be made without (this) failure occurring.
Thanks for your patience as we waited for the fix from Apple. I know I'm relieved that I (hopefully) will no longer be bombarded with support because of it!